前缀a-(an-) = not,without

在常用词asocial和anonynous 中含有一对希腊语源的否定前缀a-和an-，其意思相当于not,without或者lacking。它们一般加在希腊语源的形容词或名词之前，构成对应的反义词。其中，an-用于元音或原先不读音的h之前，a-用于其他情况a-(an-)也可以出现在希腊词根前，构成的原生派生词往往是较早引入英语的希腊词。

先来认识几个由an-与形容词构成的派生词。

1.anonymous [an-(a-) = 无；onymous adj.有名字的→]

adj.无名的，匿名的

举例：He received an anonymous letter today.他今天收到一封匿名信。

2.anechoic [an-(a-) = not 无；echoic adj.回声的→]

adj.无回声的

举例：The recording was made in an anechoic chamber. 这录音是在隔音室做出来的。

3.anharmonic [an-(a-) = not 不；harmonic adj.和谐的→]

adj.[物]非谐的

举例：That is a kind of anharmoic force. 那是一种非谐力。

a-出现在辅音字母与读音的h之前。常见的有：

1.asocial [a- = not 不；social adj.爱交际的→]

adj.不合群的

举例： He is asocial and suspicious of others. 此人不合群，疑心又重。

2.aperiodic [a- = not 非；periodic adj.周期性的→]

adj.非周期性的；不定期的

举例： The object is in an aperiodic motion. 该物体正处于非周期性运动之中。

3.asexual [a- = not 无；sexual adj.性别的→]

adj.无性别的

举例：The teacher talked about asexual reproduction in the class.那节课老师谈到了无性繁殖问题。

4.ahistorical [a- = not 无；historical adj.有关历史的→]

adj.与历史无关的

举例：He thought that theories of social change were often ahistrorical.他认为社会变化的理论往往与历史不相干。

最后，我们来学习几个由a- (an-) 构成的原生词。

1.anarchy [an-(a-) = without 无；archy = leadership 领导，治理→“无领导状态”→]

n.无政府状态；无秩序

举例：After its defeat in the war the coutry was in a state of anarchy. 战败之后，该国陷于无政府状态。

2.apathy [a- = without 无；pathy = the state of feeling 感情状态→“无感情状态”→]

n.无感情，冷漠

举例：The miser heard the old beggar's story with apathy. 那守财奴听着老叫化子的诉说，无动于衷。

3.atheism [a- = without 无；the = god 神；-ism = the belief 信仰→]

n.无神论

举例： He believed in atheism when he was young. 他年青时信仰无神论。

转发 前缀a-(an-) = not,without_英语笔记 http://www.ppbbu.com/en_cn_blog/95102---.html 。

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