??【MBAChina网讯】逻辑错误是指不根据逻辑的谈论，特别是指证明中不契合逻辑的推论，是差错的断语。在往常日子中，不管是写作文、做查询、做讲演仍是进行争辩都需要咱们进行陈述，因而，学会判别自个的陈述是不是逻辑紧密非常重要。下面修改举了几个常犯的逻辑错误，你有没有中枪呢?

1. Straw Man Fallacy

稻草人理论

It is very frustrating to have your thoughts summed up and attacked. It’sespecially maddening when someone misunderstands your beliefs, describes themall wrong, and then attacks your position! This distortion of a belief is calleda straw man tactic. Here is an example of the straw man tactic in reaction tothe proposal to require school uniforms:

令人抓狂的是有人差错总结了你的观念来进犯你的言辞，更令人抓狂的是竟然有人误解你的意思，曲解你的主意来进犯你!这种歪曲观念做法就被称为稻草人理论。下面这个比方是关于学校需求共同服装的回答。

Our school board wants us to start wearing uniforms, so they want us all togive up our individuality. They expect us to become a mindless throng ofobedient children who are not able to express their individuality in anyway.

学校董事会期望咱们穿校服，这样咱们就会扔掉自个的特性。他们期望咱们变成一群视为心腹的孩子，不能安适地表达自个的特性。

Obviously, this would not be the desire of any member of a school board, andit is certainly a view that can be opposed by any feeling human. It is a falseand unfair representation of the school board’s intentions.

很显着，这不是任何一位董事的主意，这个理论也显着可以被任何一个有思维的人批驳。这样说明董事会的意图是差错的，也是不公正的。

2. Hasty Generalization

草率结论

A hasty generalization is a conclusion that is based on few examples. Hereare a few that have been used in research papers:

草率结论是指例子缺乏就下的结论。下面是一则研讨陈述中呈现的草率结论：

Elderly people are bad drivers.

晚年人驾车技能都不好。

Be careful not to draw conclusions in your own research after you've seen afew individual pieces of evidence.

要留心在自个的研讨进程中不要只是依托单个比方就草率下结论。

(tip：要避免这种差错，可以加一个程度副词，比方mosly等等。上句话可改为：Elderly people are mostly baddrivers.)

3. Slippery Slope

滑坡错误

The slippery slope fallacy occurs when we get carried away and start makingclaims that one event will lead to another--when those claims are notnecessarily accurate. Here is a conclusion that doesn't add up:

滑坡错误指咱们初步洋洋洒洒地写作，一个断语推出另一个断语，但这些断语并非非常精确。下面就是一个不合理的结论：

If we let students use their cell phone calculators during tests, they'llstart cheating by using other apps to find the answers. Then no one will everlearn anything. Everyone will fail.

假定咱们让学生在考试中运用手机上的核算器，他们就会用其他的手机使用找答案作弊。那么没有人能真实学到常识，一切人都会不及格。

4. Red Herring

转移视听

A red herring is a tactic used to change the subject when we feel we're inhot water. You may recognize the red herring as a tactic you've used on your ownparents.

转移视听是咱们感到自个深陷费事运用于转移论题的一个方法。你可以会招认对父母用过这一招。

"You are late. Your curfew was thirty minutes ago."

“你迟了，半个小时前可就该到家了。”

"I know, but there was big fire in a factory across town. It's lucky thatnobody was hurt."

“我晓得，可是市区那端的工厂着大火了。没有人伤亡真是意外中的万幸。”

In the exchange above, the teen is trying to distract the parent from theissue at hand by diverting his or her attention. This tactic of changing thesubject is common in a debate scenario, when one presenter feels trapped orchallenged. It can be an easy but costly maneuver.

上面这段对话中，孩子企图把父母的留心力从手边的事上转移开。这种转移主题的战略常用于争辩赛，当一方觉得堕入费事，或被质疑，这种方法尽管有价值却简略易行。

5. The Bandwagon Fallacy

从众思维

There is a certain sense of security we feel by being a part of a group. Ifyou've ever agreed with a stance because it is the popular one, you have beentaken in by the bandwagon effect!

与一群人主意共同显着会给人一种平安感。但假定你附和某种情绪只是是因为它被我们广泛承受，那么你就受了从众思维这种逻辑错误的影响。

The most prestigious schools use school uniforms, so we should adopt thatpolicy, as well.

最有名望的学校都有校服，所以咱们也应采纳这种做法。

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