2021考研初试12月26~27日进行，2021考研初试情况(点击查看》》2021考研初试真题及答案解析专题)，第一时间为考生提供考研真题答案及答案解析内容，同时新东方考研教师将为考生提供视频直播解析。直播入口|考研真题答案专区

Text 4

From the early days of broadband, advocates for consumers and web-basedcompanies worried that the cable and phone companies selling broadbandconnections had the power and incentive to favor affiliated websites over theirrivals. That’s why there has been such a strong demand for rules that wouldprevent broadband providers from picking winners and losers online, preservingthe freedom and innovation that have been the lifeblood of the internet.

Yet that demand has been almost impossible to fill—in part because ofpushback from broadband providers, anti-regulatory conservatives and the courts.A federal appeals court weighed in again Tuesday, but instead of providing abadly needed resolution, it only prolonged the fight. At issue before the U.S.Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit was the latest take of theFederal Communications Commission (FCC) on net neutrality, adopted on aparty-line vote in 2017. The Republican-penned order not only eliminated thestrict net neutrality rules the FCC had adopted when it had a Democraticmajority in 2015, but rejected the commission’s authority to require broadbandproviders to do much of anything. The order also declared that state and localgovernments couldn’t regulate broadband providers either.

The commission argued that other agencies would protect againstanti-competitive behavior, such as a broadband-providing conglomerate likeAT&T favoring its own video-streaming service at the expense of Netflix andApple TV. Yet the FCC also ended the investigations of broadband providers thatimposed data caps on their rivals’ streaming services but not their own.

On Tuesday, the appeals court unanimously upheld the 2017 orderderegulating broadband providers, citing a Supreme Court ruling from 2005 thatupheld a similarly deregulatory move. But Judge Patricia Millett rightly arguedin a concurring opinion that “the result is unhinged from the realities ofmodern broadband service,” and said Congress or the Supreme Court couldintervene to “avoid trapping Internet regulation in technologicalanachronism.”

In the meantime, the court threw out the FCC’s attempt to block all staterules on net neutrality, while preserving the commission’s power to preemptindividual state laws that undermine its order. That means more battles like theone now going on between the Justice Department and California, which enacted atough net neutrality law in the wake of the FCC’s abdication.

The endless legal battles and back-and-forth at the FCC cry out forCongress to act. It needs to give the commission explicit authority once and forall to bar broadband providers from meddling in the traffic on their network andto create clear rules protecting openness and innovation online.

36. There has long been concern that broadband provides would

A. bring web-based firms under control.

B. slow down the traffic on their network.

C. show partiality in treating clients.

D. intensify competition with their rivals.

答案句：From the early days of broadband, advocates for consumers and web-basedcompanies worried that the cable and phone companies selling broadbandconnections had the power and incentive to favor affiliated websites over theirrivals. That’s why there has been such a strong demand for rules that wouldprevent broadband providers from…

解析：本题问题为：长期以来，人们一直担心宽带服务会怎么样?答案句看似是第二句，但是句首的代词that提醒我们具体原因应该往前还原。从宽带发展初期起，消费者和网络公司的拥护者就担心，销售宽带连接的有线电视和电话公司有能力和动机去支持附属网站而不是竞争对手。由此可知，正确选项为C.对待客户表现出偏袒。选项A.控制网络公司、B.放缓网络流量和D.加强与竞争对手的竞争均排除。

37. Faced with the demand for net neutrality rules, the FCC

A. Sticks to an out-of-date order.

B. Takes an anti-regulatory stance.

C. Has issued a special resolution.

D. Has allowed the states to intervene.

答案句：Yet the FCC also ended the investigations of broadband providers thatimposed data caps on their rivals’ streaming services but not their own. TheRepublican-penned order not only eliminated the strict net neutrality rules theFCC had adopted when it had a Democratic majority in 2015, but rejected thecommission’s authority to require broadband providers to do much ofanything.

解析：A. 坚持过期订单，C. 已经发布了一项特别决议。D. 允许各州进行干预。均不符合原文意思。只有B选项Takes ananti-regulatory stance(采取反监管的立场)对应文中The Republican-penned order not onlyeliminated the strict net neutrality rules the FCC hadadopted(其中共和党签署的命令要取消FCC通过的严格的网络中立规则)。

38. What can be learned about AT&T from Paragraph 3?

A. It protects against unfair competition.

B. It engages in anti-competitive practices.

C. It is under the FCC’s investigation.

D. It is in pursuit of quality service.

答案句：The commission argued that other agencies would protect againstanti-competitive behavior, such as a broadband-providing conglomerate likeAT&T favoring its own video-streaming service at the expense of Netflix andApple TV.

解析：根据文章中AT&T定位至第三段第一句，前半句other agencies would protect againstanti-competitive behavior, such as a broadband-providing conglomerate likeAT&T，可以清楚得知，AT&T就是前文中other agencies其中之一。它所做的事情就是protect againstanti-competitive behavior, B选项对此进行了同义替换，故正确。

39. Judge Patricia Millett argues that the appeals court’s decision

A. focuses on trivialities.

B. conveys an ambiguous message.

C. is at odds with its earlier rulings.

D. is out of touch with reality.

答案句：But Judge Patricia Millett rightly argued in a concurring opinion that“the result is unhinged from the realities of modern broadband service,” andsaid Congress or the Supreme Court could intervene to “avoid trapping Internetregulation in technological anachronism.”

解析：根据Judge PatriciaMillett可以定位至第四段第二句，这件事的结果和现实脱节，D选项同义替换，故正确。A.关注于琐事，文章没有提到。B.传达了一个含糊的消息，ambiguous一词用的不合适，虽然这个结果和现实脱节，但是表示并不含糊。C.和之前的裁决相悖，没有提到。

40. What does the author argue in the last paragraph?

A. Congress needs to take action to ensure net neutrality.

B. The FCC should be put under strict supervision.

C. Rules need to be set to diversify online services.

D. Broadband providers’ rights should be protected.

答案句：The endless legal battles and back-and-forth at the FCC cry out forCongress to act. It needs to give the commission explicit authority once and forall to bar broadband providers from meddling in the traffic on their network andto create clear rules protecting openness and innovation online.

解析：B.FCC应该被严格监督，文中提到FCC，但是并没有说到应该被严格监督，故排除。C.需要制定规则，使在线服务多样化，文中并没有涉及到。D.宽带提供商的权利应该得到保护，权力的保护在文中也是没有提到，排除该选项。A. 国会需要采取行动确保网络中立。对应文中to create clear rulesprotecting openness and innovation online.