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How can the train operators possibly justify yet another increase to railpassenger fares? It has become a grimly reliable annual ritual: every Januarythe cost of travelling by train rises, imposing a significant extra burden onthose who have no option but to use the rail network to get to work orotherwise. This year’s rise, an average of 2.7 per cent, may be a fraction lowerthan last year’s, but it is still well above the official Consumer Price Index(CPI) measure of inflation.

Successive governments have permitted such increases on the grounds thatthe cost of investing in and running the rail network should be borne by thosewho use it, rather than the general taxpayer. Why, the argument goes, should acar-driving pensioner from Lincolnshire have to subsidise the daily commute of astockbroker from Surrey? Equally, there is a sense that the travails ofcommuters in the South East, many of whom will face among the biggest rises,have received too much attention compared to those who must endure therelatively poor infrastructure of the Midlands and the North.

However, over the past 12 months, those commuters have also experiencedsome of the worst rail strikes in years. It is all very well train operatorstrumpeting the improvements they are making to the network, but passengersshould be able to expect a basic level of service for the substantial sums theyare now paying to travel. The responsibility for the latest wave of strikesrests on the unions. However, there is a strong case that those who have beenworst affected by industrial action should receive compensation for thedisruption they have suffered.

The Government has pledged to change the law to introduce a minimum servicerequirement so that, even when strikes occur, services can continue to operate.This should form part of a wider package of measures to address the long-runningproblems on Britain’s railways. Yes, more investment is needed, but passengerswill not be willing to pay more indefinitely if they must also endure cramped,unreliable services, punctuated by regular chaos when timetables are changed, orplanned maintenance is managed incompetently. The threat of nationalisation mayhave been seen off for now, but it will return with a vengeance if the justifiedanger of passengers is not addressed in short order.

21. The author holds that this year’s increase in rail passengers fares

A. will ease train operation’s burden.

B. has kept pace with inflation.

C. is a big surprise to commuters.

D. remains anunreasonable measure.

【答案】D。

【解析】本题为细节题，通过题干关键词increase in rail passengers fares定位到原文第一段最后一句This year’srise, an average of 2.7 per cent, may be a fraction lower than last year’s, butit is still well above the official Consumer Price Index (CPI) measure ofinflation.句中出现but转折，答案定位but之后，意为“但是仍然超过通货膨胀的官方CPI指标”，D选项“仍是一个不合理的措施”，其中“超过”和选项中的“不合理”表述一致。A选项burden对应原文imposinga significant extraburden，意为“增加了负担”，与选项中“缓解负担”表述相反。B选项意为“保持和通货膨胀同步”与原文“超过通货膨胀”表述不一致。C选项对于commuter的感受文中未提及。

22. The stockbroker in 2 is used to stand for

A. car drivers

B. rail travellers

C. local investors

D. ordinary taxpayers

【答案】B。

【解析】本题为细节题，根据题干关键词stockbroker定位第二段第二句，通过第二句句首的the argumentgoes中出现特指的定冠词the，可将答案定位在前一句话Successive governments have permitted such increaseson the grounds that the cost of investing in and running the rail network shouldbe borne by those who use it, rather than the generaltaxpayer.意为“政府允许价格增长的原因是投资和运营铁路网应该又那些使用它的人们来负责，而不是普通的纳税人。”可知“使用它的人”即“铁路使用者”，与B选项表述一致。A和C选项原文未提及，D选项对应原文出现ratherthan，所以与原文表述相反。

23. It is indicated in 3 that train operators

A. are offering compensations to commuters.

B. are trying to repair relations with the unions.

C. have failed to provide an adequate service.

D. have suffered huge losses owing to the strikes.

【答案】C

【解析】本题为推断题，根据题干关键词trainoperators定位到原文第三段第二句It is all very well trainoperators trumpeting the improvements they are making to the network, butpassengers should be able to expect a basic level of service for the substantialsums they are now paying totravel.意为“火车运行商在鼓吹他们对于铁路网做出的进步，但是乘客期望他们支付的大额票价应该能至少获得基本的服务。”可知乘客并未获得服务，与选项C“未能提供足够的服务”表述一致。A选项中的compensations定位到原文可知，获得补偿的是thosewho have been worst affected by industrialaction，而非A选项中的commuters，与原文表述不一致。B选项unions定位到原文，并未提到改善与unions的关系，无中生有。D选项“罢工带来的巨大损失”文中未提及，无中生有。

24. If unable to calm down passengers, the railways may have to face

A. the loss of investment.

B. the collapse of operations.

C. a reduction of revenue.

D. a change of ownership.

【答案】D

【解析】本题为细节题，根据题干关键词calm down passengers定位到文章最后一段最后一句The threat ofnationalisation may have been seen off for now, but it will return with avengeance if the justified anger of passengers is not addressed in shortorder.意为“国有化的威胁已经被赶走了，但是如果不安抚乘客，那么可能会带来复仇。”意思就是铁路的所有权可能国有化，与D选项“所有权的改变”表述一致。

25. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?

A. Who Are to Blame for the Strikes?

B. Constant Complaining Doesn't Work

C. Can Nationalization Bring Hope?

D. Ever-rising Fares Aren't Sustainable

【答案】D

【解析】本题为主旨题，考查考生对全文大意的把握。通过文章首段可知本文中心为铁路费用不断提高，全文论述针对费用提高这一问题的解决方式，证明这一问题不会持续下去，与D选项“不断上涨的费用不会持久”表述一致。A选项中的strikes是铁路费用提高可能带来的后果，文中只有后两段提到，以偏概全。B选项只文章第一段提到乘客的抱怨，以偏概全。C选项nationalization只出现在最后一段，以偏概全。