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Text 3

When Microsoft bought task management app Wunderlist and mobile calendarSunrise in 2015, it picked up two newcomers that were attracting considerablebuzz in Silicon Valley. Microsoft’ s own Office dominates the market for“productivity” software, but the start-ups represented a new wave of technologydesigned from the ground up for the smartphone world.

Both apps, however, were later scrapped, after Microsoft said it had usedtheir best features in its own products. Their teams of engineers stayed on,making them two of the many “acqui-hires” that the biggest companies have usedto feed their insatiable hunger for tech talent.

To Microsoft’s critics, the fates of Wunderlist and Sunrise are examples ofa remorseless drive by Big Tech to chew up any innovative companies that lie intheir path. “They bought the seedlings and closed them down,” complained PaulArnold, a partner at San Francisco-based Switch Ventures, putting paid tobusinesses that might one day turn into competitors. Microsoft declined tocomment.

Like other start-up investors, Mr. Arnold’s own business often depends onselling start-ups to larger tech companies, though he admits to mixed feelingsabout the result: “I think these things are good for me, if I put my selfish haton. But are they good for the American economy? I don’t know.”

The US Federal Trade Commission says it wants to find the answer to thatquestion. This week, it asked the five most valuable US tech companies forinformation about their many small acquisitions over the past decade. Althoughonly a research project at this stage, the request has raised the prospect ofregulators wading into early-stage tech markets that until now have been beyondtheir reach.

Given their combined market value of more than $5.5tm, rifling through suchsmall deals---many of them much less prominent than Wunderlist andSunrise---might seem beside the point. Between them, the five companies (Apple,Microsoft, Google, Amazon and Facebook) have spent an average of only $3.4bn ayear on sub-$1bn acquisitions over the past five years---a drop in the oceancompared with their massive financial reserves, and the more than $130bn ofventure capital that was invested in the US last year.

However, critics say that the big companies use such deals to buy theirmost threatening potential competitors before their businesses have a chance togain momentum, in some cases as part of a “buy and kill” tactic to simply closethem down.

31. What is true about Wunderlist and Sunrise after their acquisitions?

A. Their market values declined.

B. Their tech features improved.

C. Their engineers were retained.

D. Their products were re-priced.

32. Microsoft’s critics believe that the big tech companies tend to___

A. ignore public options

B. treat new tech talent unfairly

C. exaggerate their product quality

D. eliminate their potential competitors

33. Paul Arnold is concerned that small acquisitions might___

A. harm the national economy

B. worsen market competition

C. discourage start-up investors

D. weaken big tech companies

34. The US Federal Trade Commission intend to___

A. examine small acquisitions

B. limit Big Tech’s expansion

C. supervise start-ups operations

D. encourage research collaboration

35. For the five biggest tech companies, their small acquisition have___

A. brought little financial pressure

B. raised few management challenges

C. set an example for future deals

D. generate considerable profits

【参考答案】 CDAAA

【解析】

31. C. Their engineers were retained. 其工程师被保留了下来。

分析：

A原文并未提及市值market value相关的信息。

B定位词为feature， 原文中的含义为微软在其自己产品中使用了这两款收购的App中的最佳特性， 而不是改善特性。

C 定位词为engineers， 对应第二段第二句， their teams of engineers stayed on.

D 定位词为products， 原文中并未提及产品重新定价。

32. D. eliminate their potential competitors. 消灭潜在的对手

分析：

A 原文并未提及忽视公众的选择

B 选项中的tech talent定位在第二段结尾， 选项跨段。

C 选项并未提及产品质量的相关信息

D 对应第三段第一句， 原文表述为会咬碎任何创新的企业。

33. A. harm the national economy. 危害国家经济

分析：

题目定位于第四段， 本段只有一句话，其观点为: “ I think these things are good for me, if I put myselfish hat on. But are they good for the American economy? I don’tknow.”A原文定位出翻译为这对美国经济有益吗?同义表达。

B原文此处并未谈及市场竞争。

C定位词为start-up investors, 选项中的discourage同原文的 good for me 相反

D选项定位词为tech companies， 选项中的weaken同原文不符。

34. A .examine small acquisitions 查验小型的并购

分析：

题干问的是FTC打算做什么， 定位在第五段第一句， 同时第二句开头为it， 指代的依然是FTC。

A选项同义表达原文ask information about their many small acquisitions.

B选项中的限制科技巨头原文并未提及

C选项中的start-ups初创企业， 为跨段信息。

D选项中的鼓励研究合作， 原文并未提及。

35. A. brought little financial pressure 几乎没有带来财政压力

分析：

题目的问的是小型的收购怎么了。 定位在倒数第二段。本段中精准定位在第二句。

A选项同意表达本剧中的a drop in the ocean compared with their massive financialreserves. 表示这点钱相比财政储备， 不过沧海一粟而已。

B选项中的management本段并未提及。

C选项中的set an example树立榜样， 原文也未说。

D选项中的产生了客观的利益同样并未提及。

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We' re fairly good at judging people based on first impression, thin slicesof experience ranging from a glimpse of a photo to five-minute interaction, anddeliberation can be not only extraneous but intrusive. In one study of theability she dubbed "thin slicing," the late psychologist Nalini Ambady askedparticipants to watch silent 10-second video clips of professors and to rate theinstructor's overall effectiveness. Their ratings correlated strongly withstudents' end-of-semester ratings. Another set of participants had countbackward from 1,000 by nines as they watched the clips, occupying theirconscious working memory. Their ratings were just as accurate, demonstrating theintuitive nature of the social processing.

Critically, another group was asked to spend a minute writing down reasonsfor their judgment, before giving the rating. Accuracy dropped dramatically.Ambady suspected that deliberation focused them on vivid but misleading cues,such as certain gestures or utterances, rather than letting the complexinterplay of subtle signals form a holistic impression. She found similarinterference when participants watched 15-second clips of pairs of people andjudged whether they were strangers, friends, or dating partners.

Other research shows we' re better at detecting deception an sexualorientation from thin slices when we rely on intuition instead of reflection.“It' s as if you' re driving a stick shift,” says Judith Hall, a psychologist atNortheastern University, “and if you start thinking about it too much, you can't remember what you' re doing. But if you go on automatic pilot, you' re fine.Much of our social life is like that.”

Thinking too much can also harm our ability to form preferences. Collegestudents' ratings of strawberry jams and college course aligned better withexperts' opinions when the students weren't asked to analyze their rationale.And people made car-buying decisions that were both objectively better and morepersonally satisfying when asked to focus on their feelings rather than ondetails, but only if the decision was complex-when they had a lot of informationto process.

Intuition' s special powers are unleashed only in certain circumstances. Inone study, participants completed a battery of eight tasks, including four thattapped reflective thinking (discerning rule comprehending vocabulary) and fourthat tapped intuition an creativity (generating new products or figures ofspeech). Then the rated the degree to which they had used intuition ( “gutfeelings,""hunches," "my heart" ). Use of their gut hurt their performance onthe first four tasks, as expected, and helped them on the rest. Sometimes theheart is smarter than the head.

36. Nalini Ambaby' s study deals with

A. instructor student interaction

B. the power of people' s memory

C. the reliability of first impressions

D. People' s ability to influence others

37. In Ambaby’s study, rating accuracy dropped when participants .

A. gave the rating in limited time

B. focused on specific details

C. watched shorter video clips

D. discussed with on another

38. Judith Hall mentions driving to show that .

A. memory can be selective

B. reflection can be distracting

C. social skills must be cultivated

D. deception is difficult to detect

39. When you are making complex decisions, it is advisable to .

A. follow your feelings

B. list your preferences

C. seek expert advice

D. collect enough data

40. What can we learn from the last paragraph?

A. Generating new products takes time.

B. Intuition may affect reflective tasks.

C. Vocabulary comprehension needs creativity.

D. Objective thinking may boost intuitiveness.

【参考答案】CBBAB

【解析】

36. C. the reliability of first impressions 第一印象的可靠性

分析：

题干问及NA的研究课题是什么。

A 选项翻译为师生活动， 定位词时instructor原文的含义是评价老师的整体讲课效率， 偷换概念

B 选项的侧重点为记忆力， 而原文谈的是第一印象是否靠谱。

C 为本段中心， 原文中的first impression， thin slice， rating， intuitive均为本段核心.

D 选项核心为影响他人的能力， 原文并未提及。

37. B. focused on specific details 关注特定的细节

分析：

A 选项侧重描述时间有限的情况下，定位于第二段第一句， 但是本句表示在给出评价之前， 有一分钟时间来列出评价的原因，并非是题干问的评价减低对应的信息。

B选项同意表达第三句focused them on vivid

C 选项对应本段最后一句中的15-second video clip, 但这并不对应选项中的shorter video clips

D 选项表示相互讨论， 原文并未提及。

38. B. reflections can be distracting 思考会使人分神。

分析：

本题为例证题， driving相关的句子便是例子句， 我们要寻找观点句。

A 选项中的memory定位在例子句中， 为错。

B同意表达第一句， 且词句开头为other research show…，这句话显然就是观点句。

C定位词为social, 然而选项中为social skills， 原文为social life， 含义不同

D选项定位词deception 和detect， 选项含义为此事很难， 原文表述为better， 并不相符。

39. A .follow your feelings 听从你的感受

分析：

题干问的是 it is advisable to… 表示要寻找一个好事， 纵观本段， 最后一句中better 和moresatisfying表示答案在此。

A选项同意表达原文focus on your feelings rather than on details.

B选项中定位词为preferences， 定位在第一句， 答非所问。

C选项中expert定位在本段第二句， 但是题干对应的答案句为最后一句， 本选项答非所问。

D选项收集足够的资料， 原文并未提及。

40. B. intuition may affect reflective tasks 直觉可能影响思维活动。

分析：

本段中反复强调的概念为intuition，gut， 及强调本能直觉的作用， 认为本能的威力会影响思维。

A选项翻译为制造新产品会花费时间， 原文并未提及。

B选项同意表达直觉会影响思考。

C选项定位词为vocabulary comprehension， 这只是four tasks，并非观点

D选项中的objective thinking 偷换概念 , 原文为reflective thinking。