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Part B

Directions:

Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the mostsuitable subheading from the list A-G for each of the numbered paragraphs(41-45). There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use. Mark youranswers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

A.Stay calm

B.Stay humble

C. Don’t make judgments

D. Be realistic about the risks

E. Decide whether to wait

F. Ask permission to disagree

G. Identify a shared goal

How to Disagree wit Someone More Powerful than You

Your boss proposes a new initiative you think won’t work. Your seniorcolleague outlines a project timeline you think is unrealistic. What do you saywhen you disagree with someone who has more power than you do? How do you decidewhether it’s worth speaking up? And if you do, what exactly should you say?Here’s how to disagree with someone more powerful than you.

41.

You may decide it’s best to hold off on voicing your opinion. Maybe youhaven’t finished thinking the problem through, the whole discussion was asurprise to you, or you want to get a clearer sense of what the group thinks. Ifyou think other people are going to disagree too, you might want to gather yourarmy first. People can contribute experience or information to your think—allthe things that would make the disagreement stronger or more valid. It’s also agood idea to delay the conversation if you’re in a meeting or other publicspace. Discussing the issue in private will make the powerful person feel lessthreatened.

42.

Before you share your thoughts, think about what the powerful person caresabout— it may be “the credibility of their team on getting a project done ontime,” says Grenny. You’re more likely to be heard if you can connect yourdisagreement to a “higher purpose”. When you do speak up, don’t assume the linkwill be clear. You’ll want to state it overtly, contextualizing your statementsso that you’re seen not as a disagreeable underling but as a colleague who’strying to advance a shared goal. The discussion will then become more like achess game than a boxing match.

43.

This step may sound overly deferential, but it’s a smart way to give thepowerful person psychological safety and control. You can say something like, “Iknow we seem to be moving toward a first-quarter commitment here. I have reasonsto think that won’t work. I’d like to lay out my reasoning. Would that be OK?”This gives the person a choice, allowing them to verbally opt in. And, assumingthey say yes, it will make you feel more confident about voicing yourdisagreement.

44.

You might feel your heart racing or your face turning red, but do whateveryou can to remain neutral in both your words and actions. When your bodylanguage communicates reluctance or anxiety, it undercuts the message. It sendsa mixed message, and your counterpart gets to choose what to read. Deep breathscan help, as can speaking more slowly and deliberately. When we feel panicky wetend to talk louder and faster. Simply slowing the pace and talking in an eventone helps the other person calm down and does the same for you. It also makesyou seem confident, even if you aren’t.

45.

Emphasize that you’re offering your opinion, not gospel truth. It may be awell-informed, well-researched opinion, but it’s still an opinion,my talktentatively and slightly understate your confidence. Instead of saying somethinglike “If we set an end-of-quarter deadline, we’ll never make it,” say, “This isjust my opinion, but I don’t see how we will make that deadline.” Havingasserted your perfectly willing to talk- and may even be flattered to receiveyour attention.

【参考答案】EGFAB

【解析】

41. E Decide whether to wait. 决定是否等待

分析：通过分析句意可知，本段首句即提到了你可能会决定先不要说出你的意见，段落中也提到了it’s a good idea to delay theconversation，意思是推迟谈话是一个好主意，对应E选项中的等待。从技巧上来讲，本段首句即出现原词decide，可以优先考虑E选项。

42. G Identify a shared goal. 确定共同的目标

分析：通过分析句意可知，本段首句提出要考虑有决定权的人关心的是什么，并把你的想法和这个目标联系起来，也就是说要有共同的目标，倒数第二句中也提到了让你们的想法有共同的背景，这样你会成为一个有共同目标的同事，而不是一个讨厌的下属，对应G选项中的确定共同目标。从技巧上来讲，本段重点关注总结部分，即sothat后面内容时可以找到shared goal原词，可以优先考虑G选项。

43. F Ask permission to disagree. 提出异议时询问许可

分析：通过分析句意可知，本段首句提到给有权的人心理上的安全和掌控感是一个明智的方式，也就是把是否提出异议的决定权交给对方，后文的例子中也提到了wouldthat be ok，这也是一种询问许可的方式，对应F选项中的询问许可。

44. A Stay calm. 保持冷静

分析：通过分析句意可知，本段是在给出一些保持冷静的做法，倒数第二句也提到了用平静的语气说话可以帮助大家冷静下来，对应的是A选项中的冷静。从技巧上来讲，本段中可以找到calm原词，可以优先考虑A选项。

45. B Stay humble 保持谦逊

分析：通过分析句意可知，本段首句提到强调你只是在强调观点而非真理，结尾处也提到了你是在给出观点等待批评，这都表明了一种谦逊的态度，对应B选项中的谦逊。从技巧上来讲，本题是最后一道题，能选的只有BCD三个选项，其中C不要做判断是主要的迷惑项，但是本段首尾都在强调给出观点然后强调这不是真理，也不是最后的结果，也就是说要做出判断，但是不要太强硬的给出这个判断。